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May 30, 1933- J. c. SAUNDERS HAMMER MILL RoR GRINDING oR RULVRRIZINGVARIRTIRS oF MATERIALS y Filed Nov. l 3 Sheecs--SheekI l I. Svi/vento@Saur? @7e/15 May 30 1933 J. c. sAUNDERs l LQH'E@ HAMMER MILL FORGRINDING OR APULVERIZING.VAPJLE'IIIES OF MATERIALS Filed Nov. 2l, 1931 3Sheets-Sheet 2 1 l l l I l l I YJU. SaunjZe/" May 30, 1933. 1 C,SAUNDERS ll HAMMER MILL FOR GRINDING OR PULVERIZING VARIETIES 0FMATERIALS 1I :l :i

Patented May 30, 1933 UNITED STATES PATENT- J'A'HES C. SAUN'DEBS, 0FBAINBRIDGE, GEGBGIA, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIEGNMENTB," TQ GIANT' HAMMERMILL COMPANY, 0F BAINBBIDGE, GEORGIA Hmm mi. Fon. calmante on.'ruLvnnIzrNe vanrnrras oF Maremma application aied novemberl a1, naar.semi no. 576,577.

This invention relates to hammer mills of the type including a revolvingcylinder and hammers swingingly connected thereto, and has for one ofits objects to improve and simplify the general construction of mills ofthis character to the end that their emciency may be materiallyincreased, and to the end that their cost of construction and operationmay be materially reduced.

The invention has for a further object to provide a hammer mill of thecharacter stated which will be practically indestructible, of minimumweight and of maximum strength and durability, and which will beadalpted to grind or pulverize a comparatively arge amount o materialwith the expenditure of comparatively little power.

The invention has for a further object to provide a hammer mill of thecharacter stated wherein the cylinder will be so mounted and the hammersso connected to the cylinder as to cause themto operate withcomparatively little friction, and wherein the hammers will havesurfaces or cutting edges that will present an overlapping, unbroken andcontinuousl grinding surface.

The invention has for a further object to provide a hammer mill of thecharacter stated which will be capable of being readily adapted to grindall kinds of dry feeds, such for instance9 as corn on the cob, cornshucks, corn cobs and stalks, oats, beans, hay, hulls and cotton seed,which will be capable of being readily adapted to grind clays, shells,meat scraps, lime rock and bones, which will be capable of being readilyadapted to pulverize brans, screenings, meals, wholewheat flour, andclays, and which will also be capable of being yreadily adapted to pulpapples.

'lhe inventionhhas for a further object to provide a hammer mill of thecharacter stated `which may be provided with a suction conveyor systemto carry 0H the round or pulverized material or which maye so arrangedthat the ground or pulverized material may drgp or be'shoveledtherefrom.

lith the foregoin and other objects in view, the nature of w ich willappear as the description proceeds, the invention consists in theconstruction, combination and arrangeand claimed, and illustrated in theaccompanying drawings, wherein 'Figure 1 is a view in side elevation ofa hammer mill constructed in accordance with my invention; s

Figure 2 is a sectional view taken on the vertical plane indicated bythe line 2--2 of Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a sectional view on an enlarged scale taken on the verticalplanes indicated by the line 3-3 of Figure 2; I

Figure i is a detail sectional View taken on the vertical planesindicated by the line 4 4 of Figure 3; y

Figure 5 is a view partly in vertical section and partly in elevation oione of the hammer heads;

Figure 6 is a top plan view of one of the hammer heads, and

Figure on the plane indicated by the line 7---7l of Figure 3.

The hammer mill comprises a casing l which consists of lower and uppersections 2 and 3, respectively, and which has an upper compartment orchamber ft and a 'lower compartment or chamber 5. The material to beground or pulverized is ,treated in the terial passes from this chamberinto the chamber 5 from which it may bewithdrawn by a suction conveyorsystem, or from whichl it may be shoveled 'or from which it lmay'discllliarge by gravity into a hopper, bin or the li e. tions 2 and 3are made from boiler plate steel, and are arc welded together. The uppercasing section 3 which rests upon the lower casin section 2, is securedto the lower section by hmges 6, a flange 7 and bolts 8 having thumb'nuts 9. The pintles 10 of the hinges 6 are located at and below therear corner of the upper casing section 3 so as to permit this sectionto be swung to one side of the lower casing section 2 and thus give freeaccess to every part of the grinding or ulverizing chamber 4. ,c

The ange 7 is carried by the lower casing The walls of each of thecasing secsection 2 and embraces the front and sides of the upper casingsection 3. The bolts 8 ing section 2.

are pivotally connected, as at 11, to the sides of the lower casingsection 2 for movement into and out of engagement with notched lugs 12carried by the sides of the upper casing section 3. The hinges 6, theange 7 and the bolts 8 and nuts 9, which latter contact with the uppersides of the lugs 12, positively hold the upper casing section 3 againstaccidental displacement from the lower cas- The grindin or pulverizingchamber 4 is of cylindrical ormation, and is provided in the upper sideof its top wall 13 with a feed opening 14 which is large as comparedwith the axial and diametrical dimensions of the grinding or pulverizingchamber so as to permit large quantities of the material to be treatedto be fed to this chamber. The bottom wall 15 of the grinding orpulverizing chamber 4 consists of a metal plate perforated to provide. ascreen through which the ground or pulverized material passes to thereceiving chamber 5. A hood 16 having vertical side walls 17 and adownwardly and forwardly inclined top wall 18 forming continuations ofthe walls of the upper casing section 3, are arranged over the feedopening 14, and is open at its rear side. A feed trough 19 extends intothe hood 16 through the open rear side thereof, and has its front ordischarge end positioned directly above the feed opening 14. The feedtrough 19 has its front end pivoted, as at 20, to the hood walls 17 tothe end that it may be raised and lowered and thus regulate the feed ofthe material to the grinding or pulverizing chamber 4.

The feed trough 19 is supported in its adjusted position by bars 21which are pivoted,

as at 22, to the side walls of the upper casing section 3 and whichincline upwardly and'I rearwardly from their pivots. The bars 21 arepivotally and slidably connected at their upper ends to the feed trough19 so as to permit the raising and lowering of the feed trough, and thisconnection is established by slotted guides 23 secured to and extendinglongitudinally of the bottom of the feed trough, bolts 24 carried by thebars and passlng through the slots of the guides, and nuts 25 mountedupon the bolts.

The nuts 25 are adapted to be loosened to per-y mit the feed troughr19to be adjusted upwardly and downwardly, and are adapted to be tightenedto secure the feed trough in adjusted position. A ate 26 located in thevopen rear side of the ood 16 above the feed trough 19 and with itslower end portion arranged within the feed trough, is swin ngly mountedat its upper end, as at 2 The gate 26 may swing forwardly under theinfluence of the material passing from the feed trough 19 to thegrinding or pulverizing chamber 4. It is, however, held a ainst anyrearward movement by the top wal 18 of the hood 16. The location of thedischarge end of the feed trough 19 within the hood 16, the downwardlyand forwardly inclined top wall 18 of the hood, and the gate 26 insurethe positive feed of the material from the trough to the grindingorpulverizing chamber 4.

Brackets 28 of angular formation in cross section, and presentingvertical flanges 28a and horizontal flanges 285, have their verticalflanges arc welded to the side walls'of the lower casing section 2. Castiron and dust .proof housings 29 for self-aliningdouble ball laterallybeyond the housings 29. The endv portions of the shaft 32 are reducedand pass through the bearings 30, and mounted there- -on outwardly ofthe bearin s are collars 33 which are secured in place y set screws 34and in the inner sides of which are recessed thrust bearings 35separated from the bearings 30 by steel washers 36. A ower pulley 37 isfixed to one end of the sha 32, and the impeller 38 of a suction fan 39is secured to the other end of the shaft.

Hardened steel discs 40 are arranged in parallel relation on the shaft32 within the grinding or pulverizing chamber 4, and are are welded tothe shaft. The discs 40 are arranged in equally spaced relation on theshaft 32, and -the outermost of the discs are spaced fromthe side wallsof the housing 1. Rods or shafts 41 pass transversely through the discs40 near the peripheries of the latter, and are secured in place by nuts42 mounted on` their ends and contacting with the outer sides of theoutermost of the discs 40.

Hardened steel hammer arms 43 are pivoted each at one end to the rods41, and are held against movement in the direction of the length of therods by steel spacing sleeves 44 tating an overlapping, unbroken andcontinuous grinding surface.. The spacers 44 are rotatably mounted onthe rods 41 so as to permit the hammers to have a swinging action on therods and so as to reduce to the minimum the frictional resistanceoffered to the swinging movement of the hammers. heads 46 are similarand made from manganese steel so as to afford superior cuttingl The freeends of the The hammer edges which will last indefmitel .The hammerheads 46 are provided wit slots 47 for the reception of the free ends ofthe hammer arms 43, and are provided with openings 48 for the receptionof the pivots 45. The hammer heads 46 are rovided at their outer endswith rows of rin ing or crushing elements or fingers 49. he rows ofelements 49 of the hammer heads 46 are arranged transversely with res ctto the path of rotation of the heads. he rows of elements 49 of eachhammer head 46 are relatively spaced. The end elements of the rows maybe curved outwardly, and the inner elements of the respective rows maybe curved in opposite directions, as shown in Figures 5 and 6. Ifdesired, however, one end elementof each row may be straight and theother elements curved, with the curved elements of the respective rowsextending in opposite directions, as shown in Figures 2 and 4. Theelements 49 present a multiplicity of cutting edgescertain of which setsonly are active. When the active set of cutting edges become dull, thehammer heads 46 may be reversed on the hammer arms 43 to present theother cutting edges in position for use. Y

Arcuate steelribs 50 are arc welded to the inner surfaces o the sidewalls of the casing 1 with their concave sides uppermost to providesupports for the screen 15. The side edges or the screen 15 arethickened, as' shown at 5l, and rest upon the supports 5.0. The screenis held against upward displacement from the supports 50 by steelrollers 52 which are journaled on pins53 carried by the side walls ofthe casing 1, the steel rollers contactinn with the thickened edges 51of the screen.

en theupper casing section 3 is thrown to one side the screen 15 may bereadily withdrawn from the rinding or pulverizing chamber 4 to permitthe substitution therefor 'of a screen having larger or smaller openingsand thus adapt the mill for crushing or grmdin any of the materialshereinbefore referre to.

The suction fan casing 54 which is also made from boiler late steel, issupported from the casing 1 y bracket arms 55. A. conduit 56 consistingof sections 56a and 56b, extends from the chamber 5 to the intake 57 ofthe suction fan 39, to the end that the round or pulver-ized materialmay be drawn rom thischamber to the fan, the fan discharging thematerial therefrom through an outlet spout 58. The conduit section 56acommunicates at one end with a slot 59 formed in one side wall of thechamber 5, and is arc'weldedto this Wall. The conduit section 565 isdetachably connected, as at 60, to the section 56a and to the fan inlet57.

When the conduit section 566 is removed, ready access ma be had to theinterior of the fan 39. The b ades 38a of the impeller 38 are eachprovided with an intake 61 to permlt pulverized material to readilydrawn from the chamber 5 by the vsuction fan I 39, the conduit section565 is removed, and the outer end of the conduit section 56a is closed,and the bottom wall 62 of this chamber is removed so as to permit thematerial to. fall from the chamber into a suitable receptacle providedtherefor. lit desired the suction fan 39 and its conduit 56 may beomitted, and a slot or opening 59 may be lused for shoveling thepulverized material from the cl1amber,or the bottom wall 62 of thechamber may be removed to permit the material to fall therefrom. lnpractice, the hammers'are rotated in th direction of the front side ofthe casing 1. Due thereto and due to the location of the feed opening 14in the upper side ofthe vtop Wall o the grinding or pulverizing chamber,the materiall being round or pulverized will not be dischar ed rom saidopenin .1' yThis is materially alded by the top wall of the hood 16which occupies a downwar ly and forwardly inclined position above thefeed opening 14 and which also materially assists in the direction ofthe material into the grinding or pulverizin chamber 4. Whether thematerial treate is finely or coarsely ground or -pulverized, dependsypon the size of the openings in the screen ,15. As the screen 15, sinceit is supported the curved guides 50 and held in. place bythe rollers52, maybe easily Withdrawn from the mill and another screen readilyinserted in the mill after the upper casing section 3 has been swung toone side, the machine may be readily adapted for finely or coarselygrinding or pulverizing material.

As the hammers consisting of the arms 43 and heads 46 are arranged 1nstaggered relation, as they swing straight out from the rods 42 when themill is in operation, and

due to the width 'of the hammer heads, the

material is ground or pulverized within a comparatively short time. Asthe casing 1 and' screen 15 are made from steel, and as the lhammermechanism including theshaft 32, discs 40, and arms 43 are made fromsteel andthe heads 46 made from manganese steel,

the mill is exceptionally strong. Further-` more, the hammer mechanismis light in weight, well balanced, and capable of being operated to acton a comparatively large amount of material with the expenditure of isired, as fall within the scope of the invention as claimed.

v I claim 1. In a mill of the characterset forth, a 5 hammer includingan arm, a head pivotally connected to the arm and provided with frontand rear rows of teeth or crushing elements, the rows of teeth beingarranged parallel to the front and rear faces of the head and some ofthe teeth of the respective rows curving in the direction of the lateralsides of the head and the remaining teeth of the respective rows curvingin opposite directions.

2. In a mill of the character set forth, a casing having lower and uppersections, a hinge connecting the upper section to the lower section formovement into closed and opened positionvwith relation thereto, meanssecuring the upper section in closed position with relation to the lowersection, arcuate guides secured to the side walls of the lower sectionwith their concave sides uppermost, an arcuate perforated plate restingupon the guides, rollers journaled on the side walls of the casing abovethe guides and contacting with the edges of the perforated plate, arotatable shaft extendin across the casing in concentric relation to t eperforated plate, and hammers connected to the shaft. n 3. In a mill ofthe character described, a hammer comprising an arm portion and a headportion, said arm having an aperture at the end remote from the head andsaid head being relatively thick. and provided with two 85 rows of teethextending in a direction at right angles to the direction in which thehammer moves when in use, certain of the teeth of one row being curvedin the direction of the row and certain of the teeth of the adjacent'rowbeing curved in the opposite direction. p

' 4. In a mill ofthe character described, a hammer havin an arm portionand a head at one end of te arm ortion, said arm portion being ofmaterially greater width than thickness, said head being ofsubstantially ythe same width as the arm and of materially greaterthickness than the same and having a slot -cut in and across the faceremote from v the arm in a direction at right angles to the width of thearm and a plurality of slots cut in the said face transversel of thefirst slot to form two rows of teet certain of the teeth of one rowbeing curved in one direcu tion lengthwise of the row and certain of theteeth of the other row being curved in the opposite direction.

In testimony whereof I hereunto` aix my signature.

n f JAMES C. SAUNDERS.

